Дисертація є першим у вітчизняній філософсько-правовій науці
комплексним дослідженням насильства і толерантності, в якому
представлено системне бачення цих філософсько-правових явищ в умовах
новелізації концептуальної та інструментальної методології юриспруденції і
євроінтеграційних процесів.
Проаналізовано теоретико-правові основи дослідження насильства
і толерантності, подано системний аналіз теоретико-методологічних
і онтогносеологічних засад забезпечення захисту людини від
протиправного насильства та агресії й гарантування дотримання
принципу толерантності. Зазначено, що категорії філософії та
філософії права, які використовувалися під час пізнання насильства
і толерантності, акумулюють результати розвитку інших окремих
наук: юриспруденції, логіки, психології, політології, культурології,
лінгвістики, релігієзнавства, соціології тощо.
Актуалізовано проблематику насильства і толерантності як тенденцій
розвитку сучасного суспільства. Здійснено філософсько-правовий
аналіз насильства як інструменту маніпулювання людською свідомістю.
Проаналізовано логіко-методологічний аспект взаємодії феномена
насильства зі свідомістю людини та відображення його у громадській думці.
Встановлено, що поєднання антропологічного, системного,
цивілізаційного й аксіологічного підходів при дослідженні застосування
насильства у соціумі допомагає подолати тенденцію тотального звуження
насильства до суто соціального явища, яке розглядається лише як злочинна
діяльність, що належить до сфери кримінального права.
Розкрито співвідношення насильства і агресії, насильства і нормативності,
насильства і права, насильства і справедливості, насильства і порядку,
насильства і релігії, насильства і психології.
Підкреслено, що лише в рамках толерантного підходу (як частини
світоглядного, внутрішнього) можна шукати ефективне рішення проблем
подолання насильства у міжнародних відносинах, оскільки його глибинні,
початкові причини знаходяться, перш за все, в морально-етичній площині.
In the thesis philosophical and legal aspects of violence and tolerance have
been studied, in particular theoretical and legal principles as to the violence and
tolerance investigation have been analyzed, system analysis on theoretical and
legal and ontognoseological foundations for providing protection of a person
against unlawful violence and aggression, securing the observation of principle
of tolerance have been given. It has been noted that the categories of philosophy
and philosophy of law that were applied during the cognition of violence and
tolerance cumulate the results of advanced studies in the other fields of science:
jurisprudence, logic, psychology, political science, culturology, linguistics,
religious studies, sociology, etc. These categories are interrelated so that the each
of them can be only comprehended as a part of the whole of the system.
The problems of violence and tolerance, as well as the development trends in
contemporary society have been shown as actual ones. The philosophical and legal
analysis of violence as an instrument of manipulating human consciousness has
been carried out. It has been established that state-of-the-art achievements in the
field of psychophysiological sciences equip some politicians and ideologists with
methods of manipulating human consciousness. The comprehension of violence
as a certain external force that – similarly to natural calamities – is influenced by
external factors is formed in human consciousness. Social predominance of onesided views on the causes of origin of violence and the methods of violence control
is a result of such purposeful work. According to such views any violence is an
evil an accurate response to which is only to be an infliction of an equivalent evil
to the evil carriers. The logical and methodological aspect of interaction between
the phenomenon of violence and human consciousness and its representation in
public opinion has been analyzed.
It has been established that the combination of anthropological, systemic,
civilizational and axiological approaches in the case of the investigation of
application of violence in social medium helps to overcome a trend of total
reduction of violence to a purely social phenomenon to be only regarded as a
criminal activity related to the field of criminal law.
An interrelationship of violence and aggression, violence and normativeness,
violence and law, violence and justice, violence and order, violence and religion,
violence and psychology has been revealed
It has been stated the lack of an unambiguous definition of tolerance and the
availability of multiple approaches to the determination of tolerance basis which is
typical for such complex social phenomena. Besides, an explicit identification of
tolerance and allowance, even the applications of such notions as synonyms is in
evidence not only at an everyday level but also at a doctrinal level of examination
thereof. The convergence of standpoints of various authors is traced in the
availability of ethical composition of the tolerance basis.
It has been emphasized that within the framework of a tolerant approach - as a
part of an internal, world outlook one - it is possible only to look for an effective
solving of problems of overcoming of violation in international relations because
its deep, original causes are – above all – in a moral and ethical aspect.
The thesis is the first complex system research in the national science of
philosophy of law on violence and tolerance as pair-wise development trends in
the contemporary society and the substantiation of twoness of law categories –
aggression and tolerance.
The weighty results of the thesis research that have been obtained personally
by the author and characterize a scientific novelty of work consist in:
– Violence and tolerance as main pair-wise development trends in the
contemporary society have been determined by using the prism of complex
philosophical and legal analysis and also theoretical propositions aimed at solving
related problems have been laid down.
– Violence and tolerance as main pair-wise development trends in the
contemporary society have been determined by using the prism of complex
philosophical and legal analysis and also theoretical propositions aimed at solving
related problems have been laid down.
– It has been established that an increase in violence acquiring new
dangerous forms is the result of domination of the anticulture of militarism
during a prolonged period. It has been revealed that the essence of militarization
process is due to European mentality with an inherent aggressiveness. In
the meantime, the European ideology of multiculturalism that is based on
tolerance is only capable to overcome the anticulture of militarism as a
survival of times past.
– A provision concerning the twoness of the law categories of aggression and
tolerance has been put forward and substantiated. It is held that aggression and
tolerance being pair-wise categories are two sides of the whole entity and cannot
exist without each other.
The study on twoness of the categories of aggression and tolerance has been
conceptualized and the theoretical propositions concerning the introduction of
results of the thesis have been formulated.
– Common features of the contradictions of aggression and tolerance that has
allowed to establish moments of their unity (within the framework of the same
essence) in the legal sphere have been analyzed. Common features of the pairwise
phenomena of aggression and tolerance, their specificities, the problems of
internal and external interaction have been studied that has allowed to consider the
specificities of the mutual interaction, the interaction of one phenomenon with the
other one – within the framework of all revealed moments of unity because each of
the contradictions denies the other one in a certain manner. A quality-quantity nonequivalence of opposite legal phenomena in the course of their interaction that
is represented by the domination of aggression and tolerance over each other at
certain stages of development both of precisely these phenomena and in societies
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where they find their expression that have an effect on corresponding categories
have been revealed
– In the course of the analysis of the concept of the twoness of categories
of aggression and tolerance, interaction therebetween has been established as a
source of self-motion, activity and development by means of which the internal
connection of this pair, the interrelation between indicated phenomena, their
elements (kinds) is established.
– In the course of the analysis of the concept of the twoness of categories
of aggression and tolerance, interaction therebetween has been established as a
source of self-motion, activity and development by means of which the internal
connection of this pair, the interrelation between indicated phenomena, their
elements (kinds) is established.
– The synergetic and anthropological effectiveness of the twoness of categories
of aggression and tolerance has been revealed. The knowledge of the mechanisms
of synergetic efficiency of the twoness of categories of aggression and tolerance
offers the opportunity to control the processes of developing the social system in
the direction of success or expected outcome. The anthropological efficiency of
the twoness of categories of aggression and tolerance offers the opportunity to
cultivate a sense of solidarity with other people, to direct the social interaction
between members of society which, as a result, will offer opportunity to decrease
the violence trends in the development of contemporary society, will favor the
enforcement in its natural dimension.
