Стаття присвячена аналізу суб’єктного складу договору умовного депонування (ескроу) в Україні та іноземних країнах. Досліджено схожі та відмінні риси в суб’єктному складі договору умовного депонування (ексроу)
в законодавствах України та іноземних країн. Автором також сформульовано рекомендації щодо врахування
зарубіжного досвіду стосовно суб’єктного складу відповідного договору в правовій системі України. Автор вбачає
за доцільне звернути увагу на можливість розширення кола суб’єктів, котрі можуть виступати ескроу-агентами в
Україні. Це необхідно задля того, щоб не виникла ситуація, коли юридичне поняття «договір ескроу» неможливо
було тлумачити в рамках національного права. Стосовно ж інших суб’єктів договору ескроу – депонента і беніфіціара, то вважаємо нинішнє регулювання їх в ЦК достатнім і таким, що відповідає міжнародним потребам і
стандартам.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the subject composition of the escrow agreement in Ukraine and foreign
countries. In the developed countries of the West, escrow is used as a security mechanism for the protection of the
subjects of the treaty. The escrow is not only a carefully designed and regulated method of calculations, but also a
guarantee of fulfillment of obligations for the parties to the transaction. Similar and different features of the subjective
composition of the escrow agreement in the legislation of Ukraine and foreign countries are investigated. The author
also formulated recommendations for taking into account foreign experience regarding the subject composition of the
relevant contract in the legal system of Ukraine.
The author considers it expedient to pay attention to the possibility of expanding the range of entities that may act
as escrow agents in Ukraine. This is necessary to avoid situations where the legal concept of an “escrow contract”
could not be interpreted within national law. With regard to other subjects of the escrow contract, the depositor and
the beneficiary, we consider the current regulation of them in the Civil Code of Ukraine is sufficient and in line with
international needs and standards.
The main tasks for the parties to the escrow agreement are: for the depositor – to ensure that the funds assigned
to the lender on the principal obligation are paid only after the fulfillment of his counterpart obligation, and for the
lender – that after the fulfillment of their obligations the funds in any case, he was listed, which eliminates the risk of
default by the lender and, accordingly, failure to obtain funds by the lender.
In addition, until recently, within the domestic legal system, the construction of the escrow was not regulated at all.
Despite the principle of freedom of contract, enshrined in Art. 627 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, the parties to crossborder
commercial agreements avoided the conclusion of escrow agreements under the rules of Ukrainian law and
did not choose the place of dispute settlement in Ukraine, which is explained by the risk of impossibility of exercising
an important security function by the parties to the cross-border contract of escrow.
