Іпотечні цінні папери в цивільному праві України

Abstract

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.03 – цивільне право і цивільний процес; сімейне право; міжнародне приватне право. – Національний університет «Одеська юридична академія», Одеса, 2025. Дисертація є одним із перших спеціальних комплексних досліджень іпотечних цінних паперів у цивільному праві України. У дисертації визначено методологію дослідження та здійснено огляд літератури за темою дисертаційного дослідження. Розглянуто становлення та розвиток законодавства щодо іпотечних цінних паперів у цивільному праві України, а також надано характеристику правовідносин, що виникають у цій сфері. Визначено поняття, правову природу іпотечних цінних паперів та їхнє місце в системі цінних паперів. Охарактеризовані суб’єкти та зміст правовідносин у сфері обігу іпотечних цінних паперів. Визначено особливості іпотечних цінних паперів як об’єктів цивільних правовідносин. Охарактеризовано правові засади здійснення захисту прав на іпотечні цінні папери, а також особливості цивільно-правової відповідальності за порушення законодавства у сфері обігу іпотечних цінних паперів.Thesis for the degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences in the speciality 12.00.03 – civil law and civil procedure; family law; private international law. – National University ‘Odessa Law Academy’, Odessa, 2025. The dissertation is one of the first special comprehensive studies of mortgage securities in civil law of Ukraine. The dissertation defines the research methodology and reviews the literature on the topic of the dissertation research. It examines the formation and development of legislation on mortgage securities in Ukrainian civil law and characterises the legal relations arising in this area. The concept, legal nature of mortgage securities and their place in the securities system are defined. The subjects and content of legal relations in the field of mortgage securities circulation are characterised. The peculiarities of mortgage securities as objects of civil legal relations are defined. It is proven that mortgage securities as objects of civil rights have characteristics that distinguish them from other objects of civil rights and give them a special status. Mortgage securities are secured by mortgage coverage in the form of mortgage assets. They are endowed with the feature of negotiability, which allows holders of mortgage securities to conclude purchase and sale agreements, as well as to carry out other transactions that do not contradict the issue. An equally important feature is that they are issueable, except for mortgage bonds, which allows the issuer to place these securities among their first owners. In addition, they are subject to certain requirements regarding form, mandatory details and the procedure for registration and transfer of rights to other persons in accordance with applicable law. Mortgage securities have their own term of circulation (nominal value, yield), which depends on the term of existence of the collateral mortgage assets and the term of alienation of the mortgage assets, except for mortgage bonds, which have no term and can be transferred by their owner to any person by endorsement. The next owner of the mortgage certificate acquires all the rights of the mortgagee. In accordance with 19 current legislation, only a civil law entity with the special status of a financial institution can be an issuer of mortgage securities. It has been determined that a mortgage is always not only a legal mechanism, but also plays an important social role. Therefore, its development must be carried out under the constant control of the state authorities and with their participation. In addition, mortgage lending institutions can and should be created in various forms, competition between which will contribute to improving lending conditions. At the same time, the success of mortgage development depends on the state of affairs in the financial sector, the level of inflation, and the development of the banking services market. Economic stability is a prerequisite for the successful implementation of the classic model of mortgage lending. The dissertation also clarifies the relationship between mortgage securities and related legal categories. It defines the legal basis and features of the protection of rights to mortgage securities under Ukrainian law, as well as the features of civil liability for violations of legislation in the field of mortgage securities circulation. Proposals are formulated for improving the current civil legislation of Ukraine in the field of mortgage securities circulation in civil law of Ukraine