Право особи на притулок в Україні: конституційно-правове дослідження

Abstract

Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню теоретичних та практичних проблем, пов’язаних з реалізацією права особи на притулок в Україні. Висвітлено розвиток права на притулок у вітчизняній та зарубіжній конституційно-правовій доктрині і практиці. Охарактеризовано типи і види притулку. Особливу увагу приділено дослідженню змісту права особи на притулок, його принципів. Докладно проаналізована сутність конституційно-правового інституту притулку в Україні. Розглянуто співвідношення притулку з іншими формами захисту вимушених мігрантів. Розкрито особливості надання статусу біженців, додаткового та тимчасового захисту як форм реалізації особою права на притулок. Наведено конкретні пропозиції щодо удосконалення конституційно-правового забезпечення права особи на притулок в Україні.

Диссертация посвящена исследованию теоретических и практических проблем, связанных с реализацией права человека на убежище в Украине. Освещено развитие права на убежище в отечественной и в зарубежной конституционно-правовой доктрине и практике. Охарактеризованы типы и виды убежища. Особое внимание уделено исследованию содержания права человека на убежище, его принципов. Подробно проанализирована сущность конституционно-правового института убежища в Украине. Рассмотрено соотношение убежища с другими формами защиты вынужденных мигрантов. Раскрыты особенности предоставления статуса беженцев, дополнительной и временной защиты как форм реализации лицом права на убежище. Приведены конкретные предложения по совершенствованию конституционно-правового обеспечения права человека на убежище в Украине.

Dissertation is devoted to theoretical and practical problems connected with a realization of the right of the person to obtain asylum in Ukraine. The development of the right to asylum in domestic and foreign constitutional-legal doctrine and practice is highlighted. Types and kinds of asylum are described. Particular attention is paid to the study of the content of the person’s right to obtain asylum and its principles. The essence of the constitutional and legal institution of asylum in Ukraine is analyzed in detail. The dissertation is a comprehensive, monographic constitutional legal study after the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Refugees and Persons in Need of Additional or Temporary Protection», in which a person’s right to asylum is investigated comprehensively, taking into account the latest achievements of legal science. The study has formulated and provided rationale for a number of new scientific concepts and practical recommendations on the constitutional and legal provision of the right of a person to asylum in the context of adapting Ukrainian legislation to European Union standards. The paper has suggested periodization of the development of the right to asylum, in particular, four periods (with appropriate stages) were identified: formation (prehistory), development (history), system formation and the fourth period of unification of legislative regulation. The scientific definition of the concept of «the right of the person to asylum» has been offered, as provided by the Constitution and international treaties of Ukraine, the right of a person to seek protection and use it outside of the country of origin, subject to prosecution or other threat to life or health, rights and freedoms, which must be protected by the country to which the person has applied and which must consider the petition of the person for asylum and make an appropriate decision. It is substantiated that in case of allowing the petition of a person granting her asylum, the state undertakes to refuse to prosecute the person for illegal crossing of its borders and from the forced extradition to the state in which the person was persecuted, and to provide the person with proper conditions of stay in its territories. The principles of the constitutional right of a person to asylum in Ukraine were defined and systematized, their content characteristics were revealed on the basis of the legislation of Ukraine and international legal standards. Thus, to the principles of constitutional law of the right of a person to asylum include: personification; voluntary, the principle of non-refoulment; principle of a third safe country; principle of family integrity; the principle of confidentiality. Concrete proposals on improving the constitutional and legal provision of the right of a person to asylum in Ukraine are presented. The author developed proposals for the improvement of the current legislation in the field of migration and the draft Law of Ukraine On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On Refugees and Persons in Need of Additional or Temporary Protection».