General characteristics of fictitious transaction

Abstract

Transactions are the main grounds for the origin of civil rights and duties. They are so common in practice, so that practically any action related to the movement of goods in the market can be put on the concept of «transaction». Non-­statutory transaction, no matter what rules were violated, is the extremely negative for society phenomenon. Invalid transactions also include the so­called sham (simulated) transactions, such as where the parties commit corresponding transaction with no intention to create any legal consequences, that is committed to its kind, knowing that it will not be transacted. When committing the transaction parties have different goals than those provided in transaction. These goals may be illegal or may not have any legal purpose. According to current civil law such transaction is recognized invalid by a court. Sham transactions entered into for the purpose to evade property liability under the law, and in some cases it is stipulated in the contract. The main features of a sham transaction are: 1) to mislead (before or at the time of the transaction) of the other party or a third party on the factual circumstances of the transaction or the true intentions of the participants; 2) committing a transaction by a person not entitled to do so (through fictitious company, non­existent organization, shill, etc.); 3) conscious intention breach a contract; 4) concealing the true intentions of the participants of the transaction.В статті розглядається сутність фіктивних правочинів, їх складові, наслідки вчинення тощо. Приділено ува­гу аналізу точок зору науковців та судової практики з даного питання. Також, виділені основні риси фіктивних правочинів.В статье рассматривается сущность фиктивных сделок, их составляющие, последствия совершения. Уделено внимание анализу точек зрения ученых и судебной практики по данному вопросу. Также выделены основные черты фиктивных сделок.